雅思同义词替换总结 加分词汇 短语互译

雅思同义词替换总结(加分词汇,短语互译).doc

雅思同义词替换总结(加分词汇,短语互译).pdf

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核心动词：

1.想，认为

think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe,maitain,

2深思熟虑，仔细考虑

ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect

3.培养

cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish

4.加强，巩固

strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce,

5.显示，表明

manifest,

display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicate,illustrate,re flect

6.确认，证实

verify, confirm, establish,affirm

7.断言，宣称

declare,claim,allege,assert,state

8.支持，维护,拥护

support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion

9.反对

oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to

10.解决(问题，麻烦)

solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle

11.导致，引发，引起

give rise to,trigger,spark,lead to,bring about,result in,

12.建议，提议

suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward,

13.阻止，阻碍,限制

prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit 14.影响

have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway

15.增长，发展，提高

increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,raise,facilita te,boost,promote

16.下降，减少

decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump

17.实现，完成

fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain

18.提供，给予

supply,provide,perform…for,offer,yield

19.占。。。（百分比）

take up,amount to,account for,reach

20．适应

adjust to, adapt to, get accustomed to,condition.. on

21.谴责，责怪

condemn,blame,criticize,reprimand,reproach,censure,denounce,accu se..of,charge..with

22.监管，监督，指导

supervise,monitor,instruct,oversee,govern,regulate,direct,administer 23.颁布，实施，执行

implement,issue,carry out,apply to

24.反驳，驳斥

dispute,debate,refute,argue,contradict,oppose

核心名词：

1.观点，主张,提议

idea,belief,assertion,proposition,suggestion,recommendation

2.假设

hypothesis,assumption,presumption

3.方法，理论，措施

way,method,means,process,approach,theory,measure

4.政策,制度，条例

policy,regulation,rule,law

5.比率

rate,ratio,proportion,percentage,share,protion

6.平衡，均衡，和谐

banlance,equilibrium,harmony,

7.问题，麻烦，争端，冲突

issue,problem,conflict,contrast,clash,contradiction,opposition,contro versy

8.竞争

rivalry.competition,contention,contest

9.处境，状况，现状

circumstance,state,condition,situation,status quo

10.事件，现象

incident,fact,event,occurrence,phenomenon

11.后果，结果

consequence,result,outcome,influence,cause and effect(因果关系),side/after-effect(副作用)

12.争论，不和，差异

difference,dispute,debate,distinction

13.优势，好处

advantages,virtues,merits,boons,benefit

14.劣势，不利，阻碍

disadvantage,flaws,demerits,banes,handicap,burden,obstruction,obst acle

15.青少年,青年

teenager,juvenile,adolescent,youngster,youth

16.媒体media,the print media(印刷媒体),the electronic media(电子媒体),the press(新闻界),media hype(媒体炒作)

17.控制

control,grip,master,domination,government,rule,monopoly(垄断) 18.保存，储藏

conservation,reserve,preservation

19.花费，开销

expense,cost,expenditure,payment,outlay,toll,consumption,disburse ment

20.改革，改良

reform,improvement,evolution

21.威胁，危机

crisis,threat,menace

核心形容词：

1.惊人的

staggering,incredible,astounding,amazing,astonishing,surprising,stun ning,alarming,shocking

第5页

2.非凡的，卓越的，显著的

remarkable,marvelous,striking,wonderful,notable,extraordinary 3.重要的，重大的,决定性的

important,significant,main,major,foremost,predominant,crucial,critic al,urgent,pivotal

decisive,vital

4.破坏性的

devastating,ruinous,destructive,damaging

5.许多的，很多的，大量的

numerous,various,myriad,a great many of, a great deal of

6.不同的，多样的，有分歧的

divergent,variant,varying,diverse,distinct

7.强大的，强有力的

powerful,mighty,forceful

补充整理：

绝不：by no means under no circumstances in no case on no occasion

考虑：take•into consideration account think about make allowance(s) for sth

由于/因为：insomuch as •because for the reason /occasion that result from as••since now that in that be owed to be attributed to be ascribed to arise from/out of •by occasion of sth

影响：exert a profound/far-reaching impact on

就我而言：so/as far as I am concerned as far as my knowledge is concerned

就••而言：As far as •is concerned In terms of•In case of•

别无选择我，只能••：have no alternative but•

众所周知：It is universally acknowledged that•It is well- known to all that •As is well-known to all,•

只有••才能••：Only by doing•could sb do•

大：big

正如常言所说：（just）as the saying/proverb goes ...

一定会：be bound /determined /guaranteed/certain to do

掌握：have a grasp /command of sth

正在：be under way=be on the point /course of =be about to=be on the verge of

听说：hear of sth

变得惊慌：get into a panic

取得进展：make progress in doing sth advance in step forwards

课程：compulsary/selective subject 必修课/选修课

婉转的说：to put it mildly

对••的瘾：addiction to

接触: reach out to / have access to…be exposed to expose sb to..

树立••的榜样：cultivate the •example for sb

即••：namely

有/承担••的义务：assume the responsibility of shoulder be responsible for

阻止：hold back prevent sb from doing sth keep sb away from doing sth hinder put a check on sth deflect sb from doing sthavert sth intercept sth

在内心深处：in one’s heart of hearts in the cockles of the heart

表示数量的词

1.少数几个：a few +n(c,pl)

2.没几个，否定含义：few +n(c,pl)

3.少量：a little + n(u)

4.没多少，表否定：little +n(u)

5.很多much +n(u)

6.很多many +n(c,pl)

7.很多a lot of/lots of+n(c,pl/u)

8.大量：a great /good deal of +n(u)

9.少量a bit of +n(c,pl/u)

10.大量：an/a great/a large abundance of+(c,pl/u)

11.大量：an/a large amount of+n(u)

12. a great many+n(c,pl)

13.大量: a great many of 冠词/物主代词/所有格+n(c,pl)

14.大量: a plenty of=plenties of+ n(c,pl/u)

15. 大量：a large number of + n(c,pl)

16.许多：many a+n(c,sing.)

17.足够的：ample + n.(c,pl/u.)

18.无数的：numerous +n.(c,pl)

19.足够的：sufficient+n(c,pl/u)

20.无数的：countless +n(c,pl)

21. a variety of +n(c,pl)

22.various+n(c,pl)

23.天文数字的花费：astronomical cost

24.过量的/多余的：excess superfluous redundant

25.额外的：extra added additional

大多数情况下：in most cases on most occasions in the normal course of•

事情并非如此：It is not the case that

一••就••,刚••就••：1.as soon as …,…时态无所谓

2.Hardly/scarcely had sb done than did

3.hardly had sb done when+ past tense

4.sb had no sooner done than did

5.no sooner had sb done than did

6.sb had hardly done than did

7.the moment

8.on +n(如his arrival 他的到来),…

常识：common sense

为了：in order to…/so as to…/for the sake of…

非常：most/exceedingly/tremendously/rather/extraordinarily/considerably/fabulously

随之时间的流逝：with the passage of time,…

随着…的积累：as …begin to accumulate

反对/打击：be opposed to do=object to do disagree dispute that… remonstrate with sb about sth

Protest that…/aginst…show disapproving attitude raise one’s voice aginst disapprove of…dissent from…f rown in…=oppose (doing) sth/fight aginst

实现：realize =bring about(带来)=lead up to

显而易见的/明显的：obvious apparent evident manifest doubtless transparent distinct 深入理解：have (further) insight into..

丰富阅历/开阔视野：enrich one’s experience widen one’s horizon expand one’s outlook

昂贵的：costly expensive dear luxurious

机会垂青有准备的人：chances only favour those who are ready/prepared

引起/导致：bring about/forth give rise to raise cause lead up to prompt incur(招致) be to blame for

Result in arouse(唤起人的••)=evoke=call forth=awake occasion compel one’s attention(引起关注)

恰恰相反：on the contray,……,but it is just opposite that…

相比之下：by /in contrast ,…by comparision,…compare to/with…

科学发展观：view of scientific development

可持续发展sustainable/sustained development

广告：commercial advertisement

迫切的：urgent pressing insistent

戏剧的：theatrical

生活质量：quality of life=life quality

…的原因是…（表语从句）:The reason why …is that…

在…的背景下…:under the background of…

纳税人：taxpayer

孝心：filial piety /obedience

诚信：credit and honest

误入歧途：go astray stray into sth

金钱至上：mony-oriented

毫无：haven’t the slightest+n.

遭到/面临…：meet with+abstract n. confront(面临) face sth be face with in the face of sth encounter

(遇到困难，邂逅某人) run into sb(巧遇) come across(遇到)

袖手旁观：turn a blind eye to…stand by and…

受..引诱：be tempted/fascinated/lured/attracted by…. Be interested in fall into temptation be intoxicated by

Be absorbed in

吸引：appeal to../attract…/tempt…/fascinate…/lure…/capture one’s heart/draw one’s attention /magnetize/engage

Mesmerize/captivate

沉迷于: be addicted to…/abandon oneself to…/be hooked on…/be intoxicated by/be indulged in/revel in

与…有关：be associated to/related to/connected with/involved in/concerned with/link up with/bound up with

Concerning A…:关于A，考虑到A。 A concerning（prep）B:名词性质，关于B的A/与B有关的A

在于：lie in…rest with/on…be determined by…d epend on.

壮丽、壮观：majestic splendid magnificent grand awesome spectacular gorgeous prodigious resplendent

对..无意见：have no ideal about have no voice with neutral=impartial(中立的)

有利的：advantageous beneficial u seful favourable

拒绝：decline(婉言谢绝) reject refuse

超过：surpass overtake transcend exceed outweigh excel at eclipse overwhelm 克服：overcome surmount bridge the …gap

不言而喻…:It goes without saying that…

是…的时候了：It’s hight time that sb did…

审查（员）：censor(n./v.) censorship 审查制

强调：accentuate emphasize lay emphasis on…highlight stress punctuate

作总结：to conclude/summarize/sum up In conclusion/summary/ a word,..

all in all,…To draw a conclusion we can draw/come to a conclusion that…

交通堵塞：traffic jam

成功：blossom into success sth blossom succeed in doing make a success of 在…的情况下/如果…：on the condition that…in case of…if…

provided/providing/supposed/supposing (that)…under the circumstances that…

in the background of……(例如weather天气允许)permitting,…

发源：orgin source cradle(摇篮) sth stem from…sth can be traced back to…derive from

在…的过程中：be in the course/process of…

最终：finally eventually in the course of time ultimately at last

有可能会：be on course for sth/to do sth be likely to do…be bound to do(定会) be certain /sure to do/that(定会)

Stand a chance of (doing) sth(有可能会成功…)

花费：It/sth costs/cost sb …(to do) sb spend…on (doing)sth It takes sb…to do sb expend..in/on sb/(doing) sth n. spending expense expenditure cost outlay

计划生育：family planning/birth control>one child policy(oral)

增加/促进/加强/提高：enhance improve raise increase elevate promote strengthen (加强) reinforce ascend intensify(加强) boost prompt propel stimulate consolidate（加强）

上升：go up increase soar(骤升) boom(价值骤升) ascend rise grow escalate rocket(骤升)

下降：decline decrease(drastically/steeply) go down drop sink fall descend dip dwindle plunge(骤降)

Plummet(骤降) on the downwards trend abate

减少/降低：decrease descend dip lower lessen

保持平稳: level out/off at reach a plateau of(上升到..后平稳) remain steady/stable

到达最高点：reach the peak/highest point of peak at scale the…

当事人：party parties in action litigant client

与事情相关的人person/party concerned interested parties

目击人：witness person on the spot

偏见/歧视：n. bias prejudice favoritism adj. biased prejudiced

歧视：point a contempt finger on…defy despise scorn pour/heap scorn on look down upon

Disregard discriminate aginst(反义词：in favour of)

忽视：overlook ignore neglect lose the sight of turn a blind eye to

笔记本电脑：laptop portable computer

以防…: …in case…….lest……for fear that…

认为/表示：consider assume point out that…indicate(暗示) imply (暗示) reckon claim suggest(暗示) register(暗示) affirm（断言）assert（断言）argue believe in avow(声明)

Think cling to(坚信) persist in(坚信) insist on(坚信) stick to(坚信) persevere to/with（坚信）

Maintain(坚信) proclaim(显示) depict(描绘) illustrate(显示) manifest(明示) be of the opinion of…

方式方法：manneravenue pattern way means approach access to…method solution resolution

As a last resort(最后的解决方案)

风俗习惯：manners and customs convention

习惯于/适应：be/get used to doing be adapted to…be adjusted to…be accustomed to (doing) sth be orientedto…sb adjust/accustom/adapt oneself to…

和睦相处：get on (well) with sb get along with sb very well

调解，协调:coordinate reconcile

执行/贯彻：implement enforce carry out execute measure be taken by conduct perform fullfil(l)

不可避免的/坚定不移的：inescapable (不免) unshakeable（不移）inevitable(不免) ineluctable(不免)

inextricable(不免) irreplaceable（不可替换）Unavoidable (不免) imperative(不免) irresistible(不免)

因此：hence so that as a result/consequence consequently therefore thus granted(that)

舒适的：agreeable enjoyable comfortable cozy

跨国公司：multi-national/transnational firm

既然：saying that now that since

然而/却：nevertheless whereas but however while

下决心：determine to do decide to do make up one’s mind to do

有助于：account for(解释..的原因) contribute to…do good to…be beneficial to…喜欢：be knee on…be interested in…be fond of…be a fans of…(oral) fancy would rather do…

Prefer to do prefer doing to doing be into…(oral)be passionate take an avid interest in.. favour

有害/损害：do harm to be harmful/grievous/detrimental to pose threat to inflict harm on sb

Endanger jeopardize ruin destroy damage injure demolish(灭) shatter (粉碎) undermine（削弱）counteract（削弱，抵消）Worsen（削弱）devastate（灭）

努力…：spare no effort to do strike a blow for struggle for make great /every/concerted effort/endeavour to do

Take pains to do strain every nerve to do do one’s utmost to do

令人愤怒的:annoying irritating maddening outrageous provoking

高度赞扬:speak highly of…heap praise on sb/sth praise sb/sth

坐落/位于/放置：situate/locate sth in somewhere sth be situated/located in somewhere 推迟：put off delay defer postpone

当做：refer to sb as…view sth as…regard sb as…consider sb to be…

deem sth as…

显示：reveal illustrate unfold indicate describe display depict present register show proclaim

趋势：trend tendency

倍数：times folds

%1的表达方法：one out of one hundred one in (every) one hundred

1000个人中不到2个人：not two out of one thousand

大约：adv. Roughly about around approximately nearly in the neighborhood of more or less some+figure

超过：(just) over above more than

不到：(just)under below less/fewer than

从…之后：from+年份+onwards from then on thereafter afterwards

占据：account for occupy take up cover

小气的/自私的：self-interested selfish be stingy/mean with…narrow-minded mean

照顾/照看/处理：attend to take care of look after keep an eye on

考虑到：(关于)concerning…,…（句首用taking或to take）take…into consideration/account Considering…,…make allowance(s) for sth

仔细考虑：cogitate about/on…think about…contemplate…meditate be lost in thought/lose oneself in thought muse ponder (over)…deliberate appeal to resort ..to

归因于（因为）：sb attribute/ascribe/owe sth1 to sth2 sth1 be …/…/…to sth2 sth2 account for sth1 owe sth1 to sth2

经得起推敲：hold water bear much analysis convictive forcible cogent

代表：on behalf of represent symbolize stand for exemplify

形象:image features perception profile

取决于…/根据…:in terms of…,…according to…,…In accordance with…/…in line with on basis of

Rest on/with depend on lie on/in with reference to… hang on sth…

暗示/意味着：mean doing imply signify suggest indicate

同时：meanwhile at the same/mean time

同意/支持：be in favour of approve of agree with advocate back up sustain one’s claim that…

Give strong backing to stand by sth concur in doing/with sth endorse=give endorsement to comply withAccede to sth embrace sth have faith i n sth/sb相信support 观点：opinion view p oint viewpoint point of view contention be favourable to standpoint outlook Attitude of mind conception

当做/认作：regard sth as consider sth (to be) sth refer to sth as p erceive sth as identify sb with sth View sth as

致命的：deadly fatal lethal mortal

毫无价值的：worthless valueless meaningless pointless vain useless vainly=in vain徒劳的很有价值：invaluable valuable priceless meaningful

举例：taking…as exaples to illustrate the best illustration is …for

example/instance

同样的,…: by the same token,…vice versa,…(反之亦然)

专家：expert specialist professional

高等教育：post secondary education

单向交流：one-way communication

应试教育/素质教育：exam-oriented education/quality education

义务教育：compulsory education

社交：socialize with get on (well) with

暴动：rebellion turbulence riot violent disturbance uprising (起义)

镇压：suppress repress put down

领域：field realm area

着手做/开始：set out to do embark on begin/start to do(一次性动作) begin/start doing(指动作在过去某时间点开始，并已经持续一段时间) take up enter into launch out into commence get down to set out to do=set to doing

构成/组成: A is made up of/composed of/ made of/from B A由B组成

A comprise of/consist of/constitute of/include

B A由B组成禁止：prohibit sb from doing/sb’s doing sth forbid sb from doing/to do interdict sb from doing ban

被困住，遭遇：be tied up in…be held up in…be stuck by/in…be delayed by /in be caught in

成年人：adultgrown-up

老人：aged people elderly old people past-wealth-builder

保护：protect preserve conserve keep sb away/free from sth shield sb/sth from sb/sth prevent sb from doing safeguard

欣喜若狂：be wild with joy run into rapture

倾向于：be inclined to do tend/trend to do be disposed to prefer would rather do be prone to do(坏事) Apt to do

激励/激发：stimulate spur inspire motivate

泄露：let out betray break sth to sb denounce sb as…

复杂的:comlex(结构) complicated profound perplexing(难懂) intricate

易变的：changeful c hangeable fickle-minded inconstant=unconstant mutable variable volatile mercurial

多样的：various assort diverse a variety of

持久的：permanent enduring durable lasting ever-lasting eternal deathless perpetual abiding

对付/处理：tackle handle deal with cope with solve resolve

起…的作用/扮演…的觉色：play a role of serve a purpose as

利用:utilize make (full) use of take advantage of avail oneself of sth

事实上/实际上：actually as a matter of fact in fact virtually

受益/获利：benefit/profit from

折磨/使痛苦：torture torment afflict languish(受折磨)

公益广告：public service advertisement non-profit advertisement

优点：merit advantage strength strong point virtue predominance asset

缺点：shortcomingdrawback disadvantage weakness defect flaw weak point vulnerable point vulnerability demerit

站不住脚的/有争议的：disputable lame g roundless untenable flimsy ambiguous unbelievable unreliable

Incredible tangential(离题的) equivocal

方面/角度：from…aspect/perspective/respect

当今的/最近：In this day and age In present/contemporary society current recent nowadays

杰出的/著名的：well-known famous renowned outstanding celebrated distinguished remarkable notable

Reputable prominent household name（家喻户晓的名字）

脆弱的:vulnerable fragile weak frail flimsy brittle faint

乐意/主动/情愿做：be willing/ready to do…do sth voluntarily/on a voluntary basis offer to do volunteer to do

Be disposed to do do…out of one’s accord

勉强/不愿做：grudge(doing) sth be reluctant to do sth do…reluctantly do…grudgingly

剧烈运动：strenuous exercise

热点话题：a hot topic(of discussion) a hotly debated topic

立法：vi. Legislate vt. Legislate aginst…(立法，以控制…) enact a law launch a law

后代：offspring descendant next generation later generation posterity

屈服/遵守：obey observe comply with submit oneself to be submissive to give in yield(a step) to sb

Succumb to sb be obedient to follow hew to abide by

容忍/忍耐：endure toleratebear stand abide hold with put up with can not abide(无法忍受)

强迫/被迫：enforce sth force/compel/constrain/oblige sb to do sb be …ed todo coerce sb into doing

Impose /obtrude sth on/upon sb

生效: go/come into force/effect take effect

名望/声誉：reputation renown fameprominence

集中(注意力等)/关心，担心/致力于：concentrate (one’s attention) on pay attention to focus on specialize in

=concentrate one’s effort on=be dedicated/devoted to=dedicate/devote oneself to worry about(担心，动作) be worried about（担心，状态） sth concern sb(使某人担心)

改变/转化：change alter sth vary according to…(某物因…而异) modify convert sth into sth be converted into sb convert to sth(改变观点，信仰) convert sb to sth transform switch sth switch over to sth

Shif sth(from)…to…sth1vary with sth2(sth1因为sth2而异)

诽谤/诋毁/侮辱：vt. calumniate n. libel n. scandal vt./n. slander vt./n. affront 侮辱vt. humiliate 侮辱

n. indignity 侮辱n./vt. Insult 侮辱n. shame 侮辱vt. Decry 诋毁vt. Bespatter 诋毁vt. Vilipend

相对：relativecomparative

除此之外/更有甚者/而且：to crown it all,…further more moreover what is more in addition(to sth)

Besides additional apart from except for…(若不是)

激发/刺激/促进：activate sb to do motivate sb to do stimulate sb/sth spur

sb/sth inspire sb to do

粗鲁的/残忍的：crude rude cruelbarbaric=barbarous fierce violent vicious merciless

自大的/自负的：portentous ambitious a rrogant aggressive radical(激进的) boastful conceited overconfident

Pretentious

伪造/篡改：misrepresent(曲解)=distort sophisticate fabricate counterfeit forge concoct fake feign bastardize

故意的/蓄意的：do sth on purpose/deliberately

偶尔/几乎不：adj. occasional adv. On occasion=occasionally adv. Seldom adv. Rarely (ever) once in a while/way

偶然/碰巧/意外的：accidentally=by accident coincidentally=by coincidence casually by chance randomly happen to do=It (so) happen that…

chance to do It chanced that…

招惹/激怒：incur sth ger a rise out of sb irritate sb provoke outrage=enrage exasperate madden

认为..理所当然：take it for granted that…

不言而喻：It goes without saying that…needless to say,…

援引：quote cite invoke addule(引证)

奇怪的/古怪的：strange peculiar odd eccentric whimsical queer weird fantastic abnormal

发光/闪耀：flash flicker glint glisten gleam glitter glow blink twinkle sparkle glance shine

Wink coruscate flare

减轻/减弱/缓和:alleviate(压力和痛苦) relieve lessen lighten(减轻) weaken（减弱）ease mitigate defuse(缓和局势,拆弹) moderate

消除/根除：eliminate dispose of sth eradicate exterminate root sth/sb out annihilate shatter

拆除：demolish=tear down(建筑) detach(拆分) defuse(拆除爆炸物)

打击/使泄气：frustrate disappoint deflate demoralize

疗法：remedytherapy

(用规则条例)管理/使规范化：regulate

吹嘘/夸大/奉承：trumpet sth as sth exaggerate(夸张) overstate(夸张) crow about/over sth boast(吹嘘)

Adulation(n.吹捧) flatter(奉承，较常用) fawn upon(奉承) blow sth up(夸大) swagger 承认：recognize admit acknowledge（公认）confess(坦白，交代) accept sth as…concede

浪费/挥霍：squander spend sth lavishly lavish sth upon sth/sb waste dissipate splurge sth on sth

标准/规范：norm criteria criterion standard yardstick benchmark

规则/规章/纪律：discipline(纪律) norm regulation rule provision prescript stipulation

肤浅的：superficial shallow tangential skin-deep injudicious

沮丧的/郁闷的：dejected disappointed frustrated depressed gloomy

虐待：abuse maltreat ill-treat mishandle misuse mistreat

太…以至于…：so +adj.+that…

太…而不能…: too+adj.+to…

再…也不为过: sb can not/never have too many sth (sb 有再多的sth也不为过新概念3)

sb can not be too +adj.(sb再…也不为过)

吓人/惊吓/恫吓：scare frighten deter(震慑) threaten intimidate surprise sb(with sth) startle panic(使惊慌) shock terrify take sb aback throw sb into consternation confound

害怕/不敢/畏惧/担心：dare not to do=do not dare to do fear be afraid of/that I (am) worried about be concerned about be in fear of in dread of do…with dread dread (doing) sth/sb doing sth dread to think(不敢想象) venture to suggest(小心提醒) recoil in horror(吓得退缩，recoil本来指枪械的后作用力) Recoil from (doing) sth/ sb be frightened to do/of doing sth

猛地：suddenly all of a sudden with a start abruptly v.(动作)+plump （<-adv.）+ prep.(方位)

Plump(v.)+prep with a jerk(n.) jerk（v.）+prep.(方位)

可怕的/令人恐惧的：fearful a wful dreadful frightening terrible bloody(血腥的) horrible terrifying scary(口语常用) bloodcurdling hair-raising(毛骨悚然的，这个词真的很形象哦^_^)

Nightmare(n.梦魇) nightmarish hoffific ghastly

冒…的风险/以…为代价：do sth at the risk/cost of…risk (doing) sth to do venture sth1 on sth2(以牺牲sth1为代价做sth2) noting ventured ,noting gained （不入虎穴焉得虎子）run/take risk without taking risks(不冒风险)

Take a chance (on sth) sacrifice sth1/sth1 be sacrificed on the alter of sth2 (以牺牲sth1为代价做sth2)

传奇般的/了不起的：legendary marvelous miraculous

极好的/引人入胜的：fantastic gorgeous spectacular amazing tremendous marvelous extraordinary splendiferous wonderful excellent brilliant resplendent

假的/伪造的: fake spurious artificial counterfeit pseudo feigned supposititious false imitative fraudulent

真的：genuine true(事实，真相) real authentic

欺骗:deceive sb (into doing) (骗某人做某事) fraud （n.诈骗；骗子）cheat sb (out) of sth(骗某人的东西)

Cheat sb into the belief that….(骗某人去相信…) =dupe sb into doing

swindle sb out of sth

Take in sb take advantage of sb(利用某人) defraud sb of sth

评估/估计/期望: estimate assess sth at +figure(具体数字) evaluate(评价，不能用于物品估价) reckon(估计，期望)

Expect anticipate suppose appraise value(估价)

预言/预计：foretell foresee forecast predict expect anticipate prophecy(n.预言) prophet(预言家)

Prophesy(v.预言)

重要的/根本的/实质的：important significant be of vital importance/significance substantial essential pivotal critical crucial momentous staple

动机/目标/成因：motive(动机) motivation(动机) incentive(动机) driving force(驱动力，动机) inducement(动机) intention(动机) purpose （目标）object=objective（目标）for the sake（目标）of…goal（目标）pursuit（追求，目标） ideal（目标）a im（目标）target（目标）end （fml.目标）

经历/经过：experience undergo go through(经历) get through(通过)

受…困扰/蒙受：be plagued/assailed/persecuted/tormented/totured/bothered by…be afflicted with…suffer(from)…sustain sth

义务/责任：obligation commitment onus duty responsibility liability

贪婪：greed(n.) greedy(adj.) avarice(n.) avaricious(adj.) cupidity(n. 词源：“丘比特”) rapacious(adj.) rapacity(n.)

报仇/报复：avenge/revenge oneself(复仇者) on sb(仇人) avenge sth(为某事复仇)

sb1 (复仇者)be revenged on sb2（仇人）take one’s(复仇者) revenge on sb（仇人）合适的/适当的/可行的：viable(可行) feasible(可行) practicable=practical(可行) workable(可行) proper(适当)

Appropriate(适当) be suitable for(合适) moderate（合适的）fit(v. 适合) likely(合适) apt(合适的)

Felicitous（适当）c orresponding(合适的，对应的)

证明/证明…有道理: prove sth be proved to be sth/sb prove a+n.(结果是…)=sth/sb turn out to be demonstrate testify about/aginst…(就…作证)=attest verify(核实) justify(证明…有道理) authenticate sth.(证明…是真的) warrant(证明..有道理) certify(证实)

保证/确保：guarantee(n./v.保证) guarantee (v.)to do…/that…/sth ensure(确保) assure(使确信，使放心)

Secure sth(保障获得某物) make sure vouch for sb/sth(为…作担保)

调查/查明：inquire(Am.)/enquire(Eng.) into sth investigate sth take inquiries into sth examine ionto sth.

Survey research into sth look into scan(仔细检查，扫描) ascertain(查明) find out(查明)

惩罚：punish sb with /by sth1 for doing sth2=penalize(因sth2 而用sth1来惩罚sb) Inflict + 刑罚的名称（施加…惩罚）corporal punishment(体罚) =chastisement

capital punishment(死刑，形象的理解为“断头刑”)

批评/训斥/责备：criticize reprimand scold condemn chastise castigate blame reproach sb with/by sth1 for (doing) sth2. reproach oneself(自责) criticism(n.批评) rebuke(n./v.) censure(n./v.) call sb off(口语常用)

denounce

仪器/设备/装置：instrument(仪器) appliance（仪器/设备）apparatus(仪器) device(设备) equipment(装置/设备) facility(设备) installation(设备，还有名词安装的意思)

延长（空间上）/推迟（时间上）/耽误：prolong （doing）sth(时间) stretch（空间）elongate(空间fml)

Protract(时间) sb be held up in…/hold sb up in(耽误) delay(耽误，推迟) postpone(推迟) extend(空间)

Defer(推迟) put off(推迟) lengthen(时间或空间) temporize(时间) respite（时间）

认出/识别出/区分/不同：identify(识别) distinguish（区分）spot(发现/认出) tell sth1 from sth2(区分)

Differentiate(区分) tell apart(区分) make a distinction between A and B(区分A

和B) be different/distinct/dissimilar from …(与..不同) disparate(不同) diverse(多样的) variant(不同的) sth vary from person/individual to person/individual(sth 因人而异) differ(v.) from(不同)

分开/分离/隔离/离开：separate set apart(分开，留出) depart from…(从…离开) leave for…(离开去…)

Isolate(隔离，孤立) split(sth) into…(分裂成…/把sth分离) split from/with sb=break off=part(v.) from sb (与sb分手/绝交) divide sth into （将sth 划分为）sever(断绝) part sb from sb(隔离) separately（分别做…【不能用respectively,respectively表示各自是多少。】）

渴望/想…: be avid for sth long for sth be eager to do…/for sth thirst for sth aspire after yearn for

发誓/誓言：oath pledge promise(n./v.) pledge oneself to sth(发誓会做某事) promise to do/that pledge that…swear to do/that…sb be worn to secrecy(sb发誓保密) vow(n.誓言) vow to do/that…

Take/make an oath that…make/give a promise t hat…

忠实/忠诚：loyal give allegiance to(衷心于…) in good faith(真诚地) be faithful to dutiful sincere （真挚的) fidelity devoted dedicated

回忆/回想：recall(回想起) recollect(想起) in retrospect,…(回首往事，…) do…retrospectively(做…来找回过去的感觉) bring back one’s memory of(把某人带回到…的记忆中去) call sth to mind remember think back to…

缺乏：be short/destitute of…be deficient in…lack(in)…scarce(adj.) be devoid of…be pressed for+time/capital(缺乏时间/资金) want for sth be insufficient of…be wanting in…be lacking in…

The + 缺乏n.+ of…（…的缺乏）：n.: destitution lack deficiency shortage scarceness insufficiency

违反/违背：violate break offend(侵犯) deviate from…(背离…) breach(违反n./v.)

In contravention of…commit+罪名（犯…罪）depart from sth(背离) act/go against run counter to

Disobey infringe transgress(越轨)

奉献/贡献：devote dedicate donate contribute to make contribution to 突破点/转折点：breakthrough (突破点) mark a turning point in sth(标志着sth的转折点) milestone=milepost(转折点、里程碑) break(v.) through=pierce through (突破)

绑架/劫持：abduct(vi.) kidnap(vt.) hijack(v./n.) hold sth under duress(fml) 阴谋：plot(v.)/conspire(v.) (with sb) /(against sb) conspiracy(n.) plot(n.) intrigue(n.) intrigue(v)…machination(n.)

可怜的/值得同情的：pitiful pathetic miserable wretched poor humble(卑微的)

传播/散布：transmit spread disseminate disperse promulgate+观点/思想等diffuse propagate

困窘的/丢脸的：embarrassed embarrassing(令人尴尬的) abashed awkward shameful(丢脸的，定语) ashamed(丢脸的，表语)

突袭/突击：assault (n./v.) assail(n./v.) raid(n./v.) attack(n./v.) invade=intrude(入侵)

给/上交：submit render confer present administer impart give bestow deliver sth to sb offer(提供) provide(提供) supply(提供)

hand in turn over hand over vouchsafe

呈现/展现出：take on (a new look) (展现出新面貌) present assume

授权：empower sb to do authorize entitle

连…都，更不用说…：…,let alone +... …,to say noting of…

窒息: be choked/ choke(vi./vt.) be asphyxiated

十足的/名副其实的：veritable

时期/阶段/纪元：time times(pl.,历史阶段) stage period phase era 整理：sort out(文件等) tidy up(房间等) pack up(打包/收拾) straighten up/clean up/clear up(清扫) neaten up(使整齐)

意识到：realize be aware of be conscious of wake up to

难忘的/值得纪念的：unforgettable memorable